• Brepoels, P., Appermans, K., Perez-Romero, C.A., Lories, B., Marchal, K., Steenackers, H.P. with Steenackers, H.P. (corresp. author) (2022). Antibiotic Cycling Affects Resistance Evolution Independently of Collateral Sensitivity. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 39 (12), Art.No. ARTN msac257. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msac257
• Lories, B., Roberfroid, S., Dieltjens, L., De Coster, D., Foster, K.R., Steenackers, H.P. (2020). Biofilm bacteria use stress responses to detect and respond to competitors. Current Biology, 30 (7), 1231-1244. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.065 Open Access
• Dieltjens, L., Appermans, K., Lissens, M., Lories, B., Kim, W., Van der Eycken, E., Foster, K., Steenackers, H. (2020). Inhibiting bacterial cooperation is an evolutionarily robust anti-biofilm strategy. Nature Communications, 11 (1), 107. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13660-x Open Access
• Parijs, I., Steenackers, H. (2018). Competitive inter-species interactions underlie the increased antimicrobial tolerance in multispecies brewery biofilms. The ISME Journal: multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology, 12 (8), 2061-2075. doi: 10.1038/s41396-018-0146-5 Open Access
• Lories, B., Parijs, I., Foster, K.R., Steenackers H. (2017). Meeting report on the ASM Conference on Mechanisms of Interbacterial Cooperation and Competition. Journal of Bacteriology, 199 (22), e00403-17. doi: 10.1128/JB.00403-17 Open Access
• Steenackers, H., Parijs, I., Foster, K., Vanderleyden, J. (2016). Experimental Evolution in Biofilm Populations. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 40(3), 373-397. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuw002

• Svet, L., Parijs, I., Isphording, S., Lories, B., Marchal, K., & Steenackers, H. P. (2023). Competitive interactions facilitate resistance development against antimicrobials. Applied and environmental microbiology, 89(10), e0115523. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01155-23
• Podnar, E., Erega, A., Danevčič, T., Kovačec, E., Lories, B., Steenackers, H. & Mandic-Mulec, I. (2022). Nutrient Availability and Biofilm Polysaccharide Shape the Bacillaene-Dependent Antagonism of Bacillus subtilis against Salmonella Typhimurium. Microbiology Spectrum doi:10.1128/spectrum.01836-22
• Belpaire, T.E.R., Pešek, J., Lories, B. et al. Permissive aggregative group formation favors coexistence between cooperators and defectors in yeast. ISME J 16, 2305–2312 (2022). doi:10.1038/s41396-022-01275-y
• Lissens, M., Joos, M., Lories, B., Steenackers, H.P. (2022). Evolution-proof inhibitors of public good cooperation: a screening strategy inspired by social evolution theory. FEMS Microbiology Reviews (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuac019
• De Wit, G., Svet, L., Lories, B., Steenackers, H. (2022). Microbial Interspecies Interactions and Their Impact on the Emergence and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance. Annual Reviews of Microbiology (Accepted), 76. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-031627
• Maes, S., De Reu, K., Van Weyenberg, S., Lories, B., Heyndrickx, M., Steenackers, H. (2020). Pseudomonas putida as a potential biocontrol agent against Salmonella Java biofilm formation in the drinking water system of broiler houses. BMC Microbiology, 20, 373. doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-02046-5 Open Access
• Lories, B., Roberfroid, S., Dieltjens, L., De Coster, D., Foster, K.R., Steenackers, H.P. (2020). Biofilm bacteria use stress responses to detect and respond to competitors. Current Biology, 30 (7), 1231-1244. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.065 Open Access
• Parijs, I., Steenackers, H. (2018). Competitive inter-species interactions underlie the increased antimicrobial tolerance in multispecies brewery biofilms. The ISME Journal: multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology, 12 (8), 2061-2075. doi: 10.1038/s41396-018-0146-5 Open Access
• Spacova, I., Lievens, E., Verhoeven, T., Steenackers, H., Vanderleyden, J., Lebeer, S., Petrova, M.I. (2017). Expression of fluorescent proteins in Lactobacillus rhamnosus to study host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. Microbial Biotechnology, 11 (2), 317-331. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.12872 Open Access
• Lories, B., Parijs, I., Foster, K.R., Steenackers H. (2017). Meeting report on the ASM Conference on Mechanisms of Interbacterial Cooperation and Competition. Journal of Bacteriology, 199 (22), e00403-17. doi: 10.1128/JB.00403-17 Open Access
• Steenackers, H., Parijs, I., Foster, K., Vanderleyden, J. (2016). Experimental Evolution in Biofilm Populations. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 40(3), 373-397. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuw002

• Brepoels, P., Appermans, K., Perez-Romero, C.A., Lories, B., Marchal, K., Steenackers, H.P. with Steenackers, H.P. (corresp. author) (2022). Antibiotic Cycling Affects Resistance Evolution Independently of Collateral Sensitivity. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 39 (12), Art.No. ARTN msac257. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msac257
• Dieltjens, L., Appermans, K., Lissens, M., Lories, B., Kim, W., Van der Eycken, E., Foster, K., Steenackers, H. (2020). Inhibiting bacterial cooperation is an evolutionarily robust anti-biofilm strategy. Nature Communications, 11 (1), 107. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13660-x Open Access
• Steenackers, H., Parijs, I., Foster, K., Vanderleyden, J. (2016). Experimental Evolution in Biofilm Populations. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 40(3), 373-397. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuw002
• Roberfroid, S., Vanderleyden, J., Steenackers, H. (2016). Gene expression variability in clonal populations: causes and consequences. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 42 (6), 969-984. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2015.1122571
• Pulido-Tamayo, S., Sánchez-Rodríguez, A., Swings, T., Van den Bergh, B., Dubey, A., Steenackers, H., Michiels, J., Fostier, J., Marchal, K. (2015). Frequency-based haplotype reconstruction from deep sequencing data of bacterial populations. Nucleic Acids Research, 43 (16), e105. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv478

• Shastry, A., Villanueva, X., Steenackers, H., Cnudde, V., Robles, E., Boone, M.N. (2020). Study on the Effect of Contrast Agent on Biofilms and Their Visualization in Porous Substrate Using X-ray mu CT. Applied Sciences-Basel, 10 (16), 5435. doi: 10.3390/app10165435 Open Access
• Maes, S., Vackier, T., Nguyen Huu, S., Heyndrickx, M., Steenackers, H., Sampers, I., Raes, K., Verplaetse, A., De Reu, K. (2019). Occurrence and characterization of biofilms in drinking water systems of broiler houses. BMC Microbiology, 19 (77). doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1451-5 Open Access
• Maes, S., Heyndrickx, M., Vackier, T., Steenackers, H., Verplaetse, A., De Reu, K. (2019). Identification and Spoilage Potential of the Remaining Dominant Microbiota on Food Contact Surfaces after Cleaning and Disinfection in Different Food Industries. Journal of Food Protection, 82 (2), 262-275. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-226 Open Access
• Goikoetxea, E., Routkevitch, D., De Weerdt, A., Green, J., Steenackers, H., Braeken, D. (2018). Impedimetric fingerprinting and structural analysis of isogenic E. coli biofilms using multielectrode arrays. Sensors And Actuators B: Chemical, 263, 319-326. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2018.01.188 Open Access

Chemical synthesis and in vitro screenings of anti-biofilm compounds

• Villanueva, X., Zhen, L., Ares, J.N., Vackier, T., Lange, H., Crestini, C., Steenackers, H.P. (2023). Effect of chemical modifications of tannins on their antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Front Microbiol 13:987164. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.987164
• Idir, F., Van Ginneken, S., Coppola, G.A., Grenier, D., Steenackers, H.P., Bendali, F. Origanum vulgare ethanolic extracts as a promising source of compounds with antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-virulence activity against dental plaque bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology 13, (2022). doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.999839
• Lissens, M., Joos, M., Lories, B., Steenackers, H.P. (2022). Evolution-proof inhibitors of public good cooperation: a screening strategy inspired by social evolution theory. FEMS Microbiology Reviews (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuac019
• Jacobs, L., Meesters, J., Parijs, I., Hooyberghs, G., Van der Eycken, E.V., Lories, B., Steenackers, H.P. (2021). 2-Aminoimidazoles as potent inhibitors of contaminating brewery biofilms. Biofouling, 37 (1), 61-77. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1874366 Open Access
• Pertusati, F., Pileggi, E., Richards, J., Wootton, M., Van Leemputte, T., Persoons, L., De Coster, D., Villanueva, X., Daelemans, D., Steenackers, H., McGuigan, C., Serpi, M. (2020). Drug repurposing: phosphate prodrugs of anticancer and antiviral FDA-approved nucleosides as novel antimicrobials. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 75 (10), 2864-2878. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa268 Open Access
• Lories, B., Belpaire, T., Yssel, A., Ramon, H., Steenackers, H. (2020). Agaric acid reduces Salmonella biofilm formation by inhibiting flagellar motility. Biofilm, 2, 100022. doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100022 Open Access
• Trang, T.T T., Dieltjens, L., Hooyberghs, G., Waldrant, K., Ermolat'ev, D., Van der Eycken, E., Steenackers, H. (2018). Enhancing the anti-biofilm activity of 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles through nature inspired dimerisation. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 26 (8), 1470-1480. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.005
• Gill, R.K., Kumar, V., Robijns, S.C A., Steenackers, H.P L., Van der Eycken, E., Bariwal, J. (2017). Polysubstituted 2-aminoimidazoles as anti-biofilm and antiproliferative agents: Discovery of potent lead. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 138, 152-169. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.043 Open Access
• Yssel, A., Vanderleyden, J., Steenackers, H. (2017). Repurposing of nucleoside- and nuclebase-derivative drugs as antibiotics and biofilm inhibitors. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 72 (8), 2156-2170. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx151
• Peeters, E., Hooyberghs, G., Robijns, S., Waldrant, K., De Weerdt, A., Delattin, N., Liebens, V., Kucharikova, S., Tournu, H., Verstraeten, N., Dovgan, B., Girandon, L., Fröhlich, M., De Brucker, K., Van Dijck, P., Michiels, J., Cammue, B., Thevissen, K., Vanderleyden, J., Van der Eycken, E., Steenackers, H.P. (2016). Modulation of the substitution pattern of 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles allows fine-tuning of their anti-biofilm activity spectrum and toxicity. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 60 (11), 6483-6497. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00035-16
• Mishra, N.M., Briers, Y., Lamberigts, C., Steenackers, H., Robijns, S., Landuyt, B., Vanderleyden, J., Schoofs, L., Lavigne, R., Luyten, W., Van der Eycken, E. (2015). Evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel CRAMP-vancomycin conjugates with diverse linkers. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 13 (27), 7477-7486. doi: 10.1039/c5ob00830a
• Liebens, V., Gerits, E., Knapen, W., Swings, T., Beullens, S., Steenackers, H., Robijns, S., Lippell, A., O’Neill, A., Veber, M., Fröhlich, M., Krona, A., Lövenklev, M., Corbau, R., Marchand, A., Chaltin, P., De Brucker, K., Thevissen, K., Cammue, B., Fauvart, M., Verstraeten, N., Michiels, J. (2014). Identification and characterization of an anti-pseudomonal dichlorocarbazol derivative displaying anti-biofilm activity. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 24 (23), 5404-5408. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.039
• Steenackers, H., Dubey, A., Robijns, S., Ermolatev, D., Delattin, N., Dovgan, B., Girandon, L., Fröhlich, M., De Brucker, K., Thevissen, K., Balzarini, J., Van der Eycken, E., Vanderleyden, J. (2014). Evaluation of the toxicity of 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole-based biofilm inhibitors against eukaryotic cell lines, bone cells and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules, 19 (10), 16707-16723. doi: 10.3390/molecules191016707 Open Access
• De Brucker, K., Delattin, N., Robijns, S., Steenackers, H., Verstraeten, N., Landuyt, B., Luyten, W., Schoofs, L., Dovgan, B., Fröhlich, M., Michiels, J., Vanderleyden, J., Cammue, B., Thevissen, K. (2014). Derivatives of the mouse cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) inhibit fungal and bacterial biofilm formation. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58 (9), 5395-5404. doi: 10.1128/AAC.03045-14
• Steenackers, H., Ermolat'ev, D., Trang, T.T T., Savalia, B., Sharma, U.K., De Weerdt, A., Shah, A., Vanderleyden, J., Van der Eycken, E. (2014). Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis and anti-biofilm activity of 2-amino-1H-imidazole/triazole conjugates. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 12 (22), 3671-3678. doi: 10.1039/c3ob42282h
• Robijns, S., De Pauw, B., Loosen, B., Marchand, A., Chaltin, P., De Keersmaecker, S., Vanderleyden, J., Steenackers H. (2012). Identification And Characterization Of 4-[4-(3-Phenyl-2-propen-1-yl)-1-Piperazinyl]-5H-Pyrimido[5,4-B]Indole Derivatives As Salmonella Biofilm Inhibitors. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 65 (2), 390-394. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00973.x Open Access
• Steenackers, H., Ermolat'ev, D., Savaliya, B., De Weerdt, A., De Coster, D., Shah, A., Van der Eycken, E., De Vos, D., Vanderleyden, J., De Keersmaecker, S. (2011). Structure-activity relationship of 2-hydroxy-2-aryl-2,3-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts and 2N-substituted 4(5)-aryl-2-amino-1H-imidazoles as inhibitors of biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 19 (11), 3462-3473. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.026
• Steenackers, H., Ermolat'ev, D., Savaliya, B., De Weerdt, A., De Coster, D., Shah, A., De Vos, D., Vanderleyden, J., De Keersmaecker, S., Van der Eycken, E. (2011). Structure-Activity Relationship of 4(5)-Aryl-2-amino-1H-imidazoles, N1-Substituted 2-Aminoimidazoles and Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium Salts as Inhibitors of Biofilm Formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 54 (2), 472-484. doi: 10.1021/jm1011148
• Ermolat'ev, D., Bariwal, J., Steenackers, H., De Keersmaecker, S., Van der Eycken, E. (2010). Concise and diversity-oriented route toward polysubstituted 2-aminoimidazole alkaloids and their analogues. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 49 (49), 9465-9468. doi: 10.1002/anie.201004256
• Steenackers, H., Levin, J., Janssens, J., De Weerdt, A., Balzarini, J., Vanderleyden, J., De Vos, D., De Keersmaecker, S. (2010). Structure-activity relationship of brominated 3-alkyl-5-methylene-2(5H)-furanones and alkylmaleic anhydrides as inhibitors of Salmonella biofilm formation and quorum sensing regulated bioluminescence in Vibrio harveyi. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 18 (14), 5224-5233. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.055 Open Access
• Janssens, J., Steenackers, H., Robijns, S., Gellens, E., Levin, J., Zhao, H., Hermans, K., De Coster, D., Verhoeven, T., Marchal, K., Vanderleyden, J., De Vos, D., De Keersmaecker, S. (2008). Brominated furanones inhibit biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74 (21), 6639-6648. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01262-08

In silico screenings of anti-biofilm compounds

• Qing, X., De Weerdt, A., De Maeyer, M., Steenackers, H., Voet, A. (2018). Rational design of small molecules that modulate the transcriptional function of the response regulator PhoP. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 495 (1), 375-381. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.037
• Qing, X., Steenackers, H., Venken, T., De Maeyer, M., Voet, A. (2017). Computational studies of the active and inactive regulatory domains of response regulator PhoP using molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular Informatics, 36 (11). 10.1002/minf.201700031

Mode of action determination of anti-biofilm compounds

• Lories, B., Belpaire, T., Yssel, A., Ramon, H., Steenackers, H. (2020). Agaric acid reduces Salmonella biofilm formation by inhibiting flagellar motility. Biofilm, 2, 100022. doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100022 Open Access
• Robijns, S., Roberfroid, S., Van Puyvelde, S., De Pauw, B., Uceda Santamaría, E., De Weerdt, A., De Coster, D., Hermans, K., De Keersmaecker, S., Vanderleyden, J., Steenackers, H. (2014). A GFP promoter fusion library for the study of Salmonella biofilm formation and the mode of action of biofilm inhibitors. Biofouling, 30 (5), 605-625. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2014.907401

Anti-biofilm coatings

• Mufty, H., Van Den Eynde, J., Meuris, B., Metsemakers, W-J., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandendriessche, T., Steenackers, H.P., Fourneau, I. (2021). Pre-clinical In Vitro Models of Vascular Graft Coating in the Prevention of Vascular Graft Infection: A Systematic Review. European Journal Of Vascular And Endovascular Surgery, 63 (1), 119-137. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.07.015
• Mufty, H., Van den Eynde, J., Steenackers, H.P., Metsemakers, W-J., Meuris, B., Fourneau, I. (2021). A systematic review of preclinical data regarding commercial silver-coated vascular grafts. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 74 (4), 1386-1393. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.055 Open Access
• Coppola, G.A., Onsea, J., Moriarty, T.F., Nehrbass, D., Constant, C., Zeiter, S., Aktan, M.K., Braem, A., Van der Eycken, E.V., Steenackers, H.P., Metsemakers, W-J. (2021). An Improved 2-Aminoimidazole Based Anti-Biofilm Coating for Orthopedic Implants: Activity, Stability, and in vivo Biocompatibility. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 658521. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658521 Open Access
• Mufty, H., Van den Eynde, J., Meuris, B., Metsemakers, W-J., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandendriessche, T., Steenackers, H.P., Fourneau, I. (2021). Pre-clinical in vivo Models of Vascular Graft Coating in the Prevention of Vascular Graft Infection: A Systematic Review. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 62 (1), 99-118. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.02.054
• Peeters, E., Hooyberghs, G., Robijns, S., De Weerdt, A., Kucharíková, S., Tournu, H., Braem, A., Čeh, K., Majdič, G., Španič, T., Pogorevc, E., Claes, B., Dovgan, B., Girandon, L., Impellizzeri, F., Erdtmann, M., Krona, A., Vleugels, J., Fröhlich, M., Garcia-Forgas, J., De Brucker, K., Cammue, B.P. A., Thevissen, K., Van Dijck, P., Vanderleyden, J., Van der Eycken, E., Steenackers, H.P. (2019). An antibiofilm coating of 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole covalently attached to a titanium surface. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 107 (6), 1908-1919. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.34283 Open Access
• Claes, B., Boudewijns, T., Muchez, L., Hooyberghs, G., Van der Eycken, E., Vanderleyden, J., Steenackers, H.P., De Vos, D. (2017). Smart metal-organic framework coatings: triggered anti-biofilm compound release. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9 (5), 4440-4449. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b14152
• Gerits, E., Kucharíková, S., Van Dijck, P., Erdtmann, M., Krona, A., Lövenklev, M., Fröhlich, M., Dovgan, B., Impellizzeri, F., Braem, A., Vleugels, J., Robijns, S.C., Steenackers, H.P., Vanderleyden, J., De Brucker, K., Thevissen, K., Cammue, B.P., Fauvart, M., Verstraeten, N., Michiels, J. (2016). Antibacterial activity of a new broad-spectrum antibiotic covalently bound to titanium surfaces. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 34 (12), 2191-2198. doi: 10.1002/jor.23238 Open Access

Salmonella biofilms as a model system

• Coppens, B., Belpaire, T. E. R., Pešek, J., Steenackers, H. P., Ramon, H., & Smeets, B. (2023). Anomalous diffusion of nanoparticles in the spatially heterogeneous biofilm environment. iScience, 26(6), 106861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106861
• Hermans, K., Roberfroid, S., Thijs, I., Kint, G., De Coster, D., Marchal, K., Vanderleyden, J., De Keersmaecker, S., Steenackers, H. (2016). FabR regulates Salmonella biofilm formation via its direct target FabB. BMC Genomics, 17, 253. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2387-x Open Access
• Van Assche, E., Van Puyvelde, S., Vanderleyden, J., Steenackers, H. (2015). RNA-binding proteins involved in post-transcriptional regulation in bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 141. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00141 Open Access
• Van Puyvelde, S., Steenackers, H.P., Vanderleyden, J. (2013). Small RNAs regulating biofilm formation and outer membrane homeostasis. RNA Biology, 10 (2), 185-191. doi: 10.4161/rna.23341
• Steenackers, H., Hermans, K., Vanderleyden, J., De Keersmaecker, S. (2012). Salmonella biofilms: An overview on occurrence, structure, regulation and eradication. Food Research International, 45 (2), 502-531. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.038 Open Access